Shigella is a group of bacteria that causes an intestinal infection called Shigellosis. It is a major cause of diarrhea worldwide, especially in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation.
🧬 Nature of Shigella
• Gram-negative bacteria• Infects the large intestine (colon)
• Highly contagious — even a small number of bacteria can cause infection
🔍 Mode of Transmission
Spreads through the fecal–oral route, including:• Drinking contaminated water
• Eating contaminated food
• Poor hand hygiene
• Direct contact with infected individuals
⚠️ Common in crowded environments, especially among children.
🤒 Symptoms
• (1–3 days after infection)
• Diarrhea (may contain blood or mucus)
• Abdominal cramps
• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weakness
🚨 Severe cases may lead to dehydration.
⚠️ Possible Complications
• Severe dehydration• Malnutrition (especially in children)
• Rare neurological issues (e.g., seizures in children)
🧪 Diagnosis
• Stool examination• Stool culture (to confirm bacteria)
💊 Treatment
• Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) • Plenty of fluids• Antibiotics (only if prescribed by a doctor)
• Adequate rest
⚠️ Avoid self-medication.
🛡️ Prevention Tips
• Wash hands regularly (before eating & after toilet use)• Drink safe, clean water
• Eat well-cooked food
• Maintain good sanitation
• Ensure proper hygiene for children